Lecture Notes on Immunology
M.Sc. Biotechnology 2ndSem.
Paper-II Immunology
(Course Code: SOLS/MBT/DSC-5)
No. of Credits: 5
UNIT-I (Cr- 1)
Historical development in Immunology.
Overview of the immune system: Innate and adaptive immunity, Cells and organs of the immune
system, Hematopoiesis.
Antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity, haptens & epitopes.
Immunoglobulins: Structure and function.
UNIT- II (Cr- 1)
Organization & expression of immunoglobulin genes: Multigene organization of genes, variableregion
gene rearrangements, generation of antibody diversity, class switching among constantregion
genes, expression of Ig genes
Major histocompatibility complex, Antigen processing and presentation.
UNIT- III (Cr- 1)
Structure and functions of BCR & TCR.
Cytokines: Properties, general physiology, interferons, application of cytokine for therapy.
Complement system.
Cell mediated cytotoxicity: Mechanism of T cell & NK cell mediated lysis, Ab-dependent cell
mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
UNIT–IV (Cr- 1)
Hypersensitivity: Types of hypersensitivity
Autoimmunity and their types.
Organ transplantation: Introduction, types and challenges, and graft rejection.
Vaccines: Types & applications, Active and passive Immunization.
UNIT-V (Cr- 1)
Monoclonal antibodies: Overview of monoclonal antibodies and hybridoma technology.
Types of antigen-antibody interactions: Precipitation reaction, agglutination reactions, RIA,
ELISA, western blotting, immuno-precipitation, and immuno-fluorescence.
Recommended Books:
1. Stranford, S., Owen, J.A., Punt, J., Jones, P. Kuby: Immunology. 2022. 8th ed. W.H. Freeman.
2. Male, D., Peebles, R.S.Jr., Male, V. Immunology. 2020. 9th ed. Elsevier.
3. Hofmann, A., Clokie S. Wilson & Walker’s: Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology. 2018. 8th ed. Cambridge Univ. Press.
4. Elgert, K.D. Immunology: Understanding the Immune System. 2009. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
5. Hay, F.C., Westwood, O.M.R. Practical Immunology. 2002. 1st ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
30th BoS, Biotechnology (Item 30.08) dt. 30,31-07-2025
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