Chromosome Structure

  1. DNA as genetic material: experimental evidences
  2. Structure, properties and various forms of DNA
  3. Structures, properties and types of RNA
  4. Topological properties of DNA
  5. DNA denaturation and renaturation kinetics
  6. C- value paradox
  7. Packaging of DNA into chromosome
  8. Chromosome banding techniques
  9. Centromere and Telomere
  10. Giant chromosome.

Replication and Transcription

  1. DNA replication in prokaryotes
  2. DNA replication in eukaryotes
  3. Transcription in prokaryotes
  4. Transcription in eukaryotes
  5. Post transcription modifications (5’capping and 3’ poly (A) tailing
  6. Splicing,
  7. Reverse transcription

Translation and Regulation of Gene Expression

  1. Basic features of genetic code
  2. Translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  3. Post translational modifications
  4. Regulation of prokaryotic gene expression ( lac, trp and arb operon)
  5. Regulation of Eukaryotic gene expression (DNA binding motifs and domains, activators, enhancers and insulators)
  6. RNA interference and antisense RNA.

Transposition, Mutation and Repair mechanism, Recombination,

  1. and transposable elements in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  2. Mutations: Types of mutations, Mutagens, Screening chemicals for mutagenicity
  3. Recombination (The Holliday model and Double strand break repair model)
  4. DNA repair (Photoreactivation, Base excision repair, Nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, SOS system).
  5. Dosage compensation
  6. Sex determination