Introduction to Biochemistry and Historical Perspectives
Weak Acid Base PH Henderson Hasselbalch Equation Biological Buffer Polyprotic Acid Ionic Strength
Biomolecules: Definition, Nomenclatrue, Classification/Types, Structures and Functions
- Proteins:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic acids
Bioenergetics
- Concept of free energy
- Biological oxidation and reduction
- High energy compounds
Enzymes
- Introduction to enzymes: Properties; active site
- Nomenclature and classification
- Cofactors: Coenzymes and metal ions
- Zymogens and their activation
- Enzyme specificity
- Mechanism of enzyme action: ES complex; Reaction coordinate diagram Transition state; Activation energy
- Theories of enzyme action: Key and lock hypothesis; Induced fit (Koshland) hypothesis
- Enzyme activity; specific activity, turnover numbers
- Mechanism of enzyme catalysis (General Acid base catalysis, covalent catalysis and metal ion catalysis
- Enzyme kinetics for single substrate (Michaelis-Menten derivation, Different plots for determination of Km and Vmax)
- Enzyme Inhibition
- Factors affecting enzyme activity
- Allosteric enzymes
- Metabolism
- Intermediary metabolism
- Catalytic strategies
- Carbohydrate metabolism and its regulation
- Glycolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Fermentation in different microorganism
- Phoshopentose pathway (HMP pathway)
- Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and Anaplerotic reactions
- Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
- Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis
- Glyoxylate and Gamma aminobutyrate shunt pathways and cori cycle
- Entner-Doudoroff pathway,
- Glucuronate pathway
- Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism
- Amino metabolism
- General reactions of amino acid metabolism
- Overview of amino acid degradation
- Urea cycle and its regulation
- Overview of amino acid biosynthesis
- Metabolic and Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism
- Biological nitrogen fixation
- Biosynthesis of porphyrins
- Lipid Metabolism and its regulation
- Fatty acid degradation
- Ketogenesis
- Biosynthesis of fatty acids
- Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols, Membrane phospholipids and prostaglandins
- Cholesterol Metabolism and its regulation
- Lipoproteins
- Metabolic and Inborn Disorders of lipid metabolis
- Nucleotide metabolism
- Purine Biosynthesis
- Pyrimidine Biosynthesis
- Salvage pathway
- Biosynthesis of dNTPs
- Nucleotide degradation pathway
- Metabolic and Inborn Disorders of Nucleotide metabolism
- Inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis
- Integration of metabolism